These principles are simple tools that help articulate the composition of elements within an artwork. Many well-known artworks incorporate all the elements of art and principles of design.
Contrast generally concerns obvious opposites. It refers to the amount of difference between elements. They can include the contrast between shapes, lines, colors, values, textures, or the juxtaposition of dissimilar objects.
Unity can help various art elements to appear complete, which can create a sense of order. Consistent use of lines, color, material, or textures create unity in an image, making elements look like they belong together.
Balance speaks to the visual weight of an image. Through balance, the arrangement of the different elements of an artwork creates a sense of stability. Balance can be expressed in many forms.
Variety refers to the mixture of various elements within a composition. Then an image depicts three or more differences it is considered as showing variety. If there are more than three different colors, an artwork has a variety of colors.
Pattern can be used to unify an image through repeated elements, which can create interest. It can be achieved through the continuous repetition of elements, such as alternating squares or circles.